Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Shurooq Shares and Bonds

Introduction Shurooq is a development agency firm based in Shirjah, in the United Arab Emirates. The company is officially known as The Sharjah Investment and Development Authority. The company was established in 2009 with the special mandate of evaluating and following up on infrastructure projects that are related to tourism.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Shurooq Shares and Bonds specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The development agency focuses on providing all possible facilities as well as incentives with the aim of attracting more investors to Shirjah. Shurooq is listed on the local Dubai Financial market where its shares and bonds are traded to the public. This paper analyses possible share problems that were faced by the firm in the past, while ascertaining the causes and remedy that was employed to address the situation. The paper also offers recommendations on the challenge. Losses in Shurooq Shares and Bonds Global financial crisis Shurooq was formed in 2009, a time when the global financial crisis was at its peak. Although the crisis’ origin was in the United States of America, the repercussions were far reaching with countries and firms placed in as far as the Middle East being affected. The global demand for oil, which is the Middle East’s economic mainstay, dropped sharply as the price per barrel rose. This consequently meant that the UAE as a whole lacked substantial funds to inject into its overall economy and firms, such as Shurooq, in order to spur growth and development. Other individual investors and firms, both local and international, also lacked the interest to invest their additional funds through share acquisition. Shurooq suffered immensely given that the firm had only been established and was keen to attract interested investors by floating its shares and bonds. Shurooq devalued its share prices by almost half the original price that the company had quoted in a bid to influence demand for its shares and bonds. This, however, did not achieve the intended target for the firm as the demand for the company’s shares remained poor. As Shurooq struggled with poor share performance, it equally did not achieve some of its intended objectives in its first year of operation. Profit margins were unattractive throughout the year as the company slashed its budget in a bid to contend with the poor economic situation. The small profit margins kept willing investors at bay as they questioned the company’s ability to withstand hard economic times and pay them higher returns for their investments.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Manual system of operation Shurooq’s establishment saw the company rely on a less computerized system of operation, with most of its functions being carried out manually during the first month s of its operation. Shurooq opted for a gradual implementation of a computerized system for its operations as it focused on stability since business establishment is often an expensive venture during the formation period. This decision, however, negatively influenced the share and bond prices of the firm. Operations were generally slow and error-prone, particularly where financial operations were involved. This slow performance eroded investor confidence amongst the few willing investors at the time. In particular, investors were forced to avail themselves physically at Shurooq’s offices in order to make enquiries and do trade with the firm. For investors residing in far-flung areas, the idea demoralized them as they could not find any convenience in the manner in which the company operated. With time, Shurooq established a computerized system that would purposely serve investors through an eTrade mechanism. The aftermath of the development consequently saw an increase, albei t relatively slow, of investor interest and confidence. Investors could comfortably make their enquiries, as well as do trade with the company from the comfort and convenience of their offices or other geographically disbursed locations due to the new developments. Poor communication Shurooq suffered from consequences of poor communication, particularly within its employees, during its initial phase of existence after establishment. Lack of market experience and general operations compounded the development agency’s troubles as there was poor coordination among workers. Interested investors were particularly shunned off by the lack of knowledge that was evident among the workers. People making enquiries about the company via phone or physically were dissatisfied with the responses they got. The workers who had been stationed at the customer care desk appeared to lack basic information concerning their own company. This prompted a significant number of interested and willing i nvestors to hold on their investment decisions as they sought to give the firm more time as they observed its performance. Thus, apart from the external market conditions that slowed down Shurooq’s initial overall market performance, part of the challenges were internal. Poor communication failed to appeal to the potential and willing investors who would have eventually boosted the market demand for its shares.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Shurooq Shares and Bonds specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Market competition The United Arab Emirates has generally embarked on an ambitious program that seeks to spur development and growth of infrastructure in the entire country. This program has seen many development agencies and firms established in the country over the recent years. Some of these agencies have been in business for a relatively longer period of company compared to Shurooq. This position proved to be challenging to Shurooq’s ability to attract investors in comparison to the other established companies. The companies used their years of experience in service to properly manage their assets during the global financial crisis’ peak duration. Although the companies also experienced a slump in profitability, they managed to maintain an attractive profit margin compared to how Shurooq had faired on. This, in turn, saw quite a significant number of investors at the time opting to acquire shares of the rival firms other than committing their funds to Shurooq. Investors still acquired more of the rivals’ shares compared to those of Shurooq, despite the fact that Shurooq priced its shares and bonds at low rates compared to its market rivals. Company’s Efforts to Establish Cause of Poor Performance Survey Shurooq sought to establish the reasons that prompted poor performance for its shares and bonds at the Dubai Financial Market. A corporate survey was carri ed out by the firm to understand the market situation and conditions. Shurooq enlisted the services of a third party financial company to undertake the survey on its part. The survey was done in the Dubai Financial Market, where experts from the third party financial company held discussions with the bourse’s management and technical teams. It was from the survey that Shurooq discovered how intensive the global financial crisis had contributed towards poor performance. Apart from Shurooq, many other firms listed in the stock market had experienced tough times because of the diminishing share demand. Investors had opted to remain cautious in their actions as the business situation appeared to be uncertain. The stock market had itself recorded low business performance throughout 2009 as the global financial crisis grew to its worst position. Internal company research Shurooq also conducted an internal research that mainly targeted its employees and the few shareholders it had m anaged to acquire since listing on the Dubai Financial Market. The research amongst employees sought to establish their opinion on some of the reasons they thought Shurooq’s performance was affected at the time. The research involved paper work, where respondents answered both structured and unstructured questions concerning Shurooq’s poor performance in the stock exchange market. To promote participation, the company did not require workers to indicate their names on the questionnaires.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The research carried out on employees noted how their own lack of information played a critical role in dissuading potential investors. The workers admitted that they were in many occasions unable to satisfactorily handle concerns raised by the market concerning investing in the firm. The poor communication structure in the firm only worsened the situation as the employees stationed at the company’s customer care department lacked immediate materials and professionals to rely on for assistance and support. On the part of the shareholders, Shurooq chose to have direct discussions with a few selected individuals to try and establish their opinion and perspectives in as far as Shurooq’s performance was involved. The face-to-face discussions involved financial experts drawn from both the firm, and mainly targeted investors who have been in involved in the share market business for a long time. The few investors were optimistic that Shurooq would eventually improve despite the turbulent times, but they generally pressured the management to speed up critical reforms. They overly noted that the manual system of operation was in bad taste for the firm and there was need for a computerized system to be installed immediately. Remedy Measures Employee retraining Shurooq immediately embarked on a program that targeted to retrain employees in a bid to equip them with significant knowledge on investment and financial matters. Though the workers hired by the firm had attained the necessary educational qualifications, there was need for them to undertake refresher courses that were customized to understand clearly the contemporary market requirements and situation. The refresher courses also aimed at improving the overall efficiency in the operations of the firm. It targeted countering the laxity that had been noted in communication among the staff and communication with the public. Shurooq undertook the refresher courses in stages, with the customer care based staff enjoying the first priority over the other staff members. Computerize operations Shurooq speedily adopted a fully computerized operation system to replace the manual system that was in place before. All the departments were fitted with internet to allow efficient communication within the firm. This move eliminated the slow processing that was being witnessed earlier on and had also been cited as part of the reason that dissuaded investors away from the firm. The company targeted e-trading by speedily computerizing all its operations to address the aspect of convenience that had been raised as a concern for poor performance. Solutions Employee retraining has played a critical role in enhancing overall service delivery at the firm. The earlier concern that prompted its inception, lack of proper knowledge on the part of the employees, was effectively addressed. Potential and interested investors who visited the firm’s premises in order to make enquiries about its operation and position were able to be answered satisfactorily. The retraining merged the workers’ ideas with the contemporary business situation and position of the firm. Thus, as keen investors sought to determine important financial issues about the firm, the workers were able to handle them professionally by providing satisfactory answers in a clear and precise manner. Retraining also improved the internal operations of the firm. Workers understood clearly how to relate with each other and how to undertake their duties and responsibilities more effectively. External stakeholders were able to notice the changes as service delivery improved significantly. The workers strove to ensure they achieved their objectives in order to influence the overall performance of their firm. The speed at which operations were being carried out improved quite substantially after the entire company was fully computerized. Workers could access all the necessary information within seconds, much to the sa tisfaction of the stakeholders by only clicking buttons. The operation costs of the company went down tremendously as Sharooq retrenched part of its huge clerical staff with computers. Expenditure in the form of salaries reduced by a huge margin as the company’s profit margin improved tremendously. Keen interested investors regained confidence and gradually began to acquire Sharooq’s shares and bonds as they had anticipated better returns since the financial state of the company started improving. Recommendations Sharooq’s management should critically consider the external business environment and remain keen on monitoring any slight changes as this may water down all the benefits so far registered by the firm. The best and safest way that Sharooq’s management can cushion its operations against adverse external environment is by investing in multiple business portfolios. The reason why the company faced an uphill task in 1999 during its inaugural phase is the fact that the global financial crisis mainly affected infrastructure building. Thus, even credit firms feared financing infrastructural projects as the returns appeared oblique, at least in the short run. However, the agency would have had a reliable source that would have perfectly cushioned its main business focus had Sharooq had other interests in separate sectors of the economy, such as transport. Most of Sharooq’s established market competitors appeared stable even in the face of the biting global financial crisis because of divesting in various economic sectors. The company’s management must be highly effective if the company has to continue positively on its recovery path. A highly efficient management will understand almost immediately when changes occur in the internal and external business environment. This will prompt them to make appropriate decisions that will be of significant effect to the company. Conclusion Shurooq is an infrastructure development agency based in Shirjah in the UAE. The company faced a huge crisis in 2009, which was also its year of establishment, when it failed to attract investors to boost its capital base. With infrastructure development being a capital-intensive venture, Shurooq’s management worked very fast to ensure the firm was listed at the Dubai Financial Market. The global financial crisis at the time informed many investors’ decision of not acquiring the firm’s shares at time. A company survey sanctioned by Shurooq’s management established that apart from the financial crisis, the firm faced internal challenges as its workface was not better placed to handle financial matters. Its manual system at the time also slowed the accuracy of performance and dissuaded many investors from the firm. However, the firm computerized its operations and retrained its workforce in a move that won investor confidence and has been critical in improving its performance in the stock market. This essay on Shurooq Shares and Bonds was written and submitted by user Nancy Buckley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

4 Email Newsletter Examples and How to Effectively Emulate Them

4 Email Newsletter Examples and How to Effectively Emulate Them Every business owner (or marketer) knows that email marketing is one of  the best marketing channels today when it comes to ROI (an average ROI of $38  for every $1 spent). Knowing this, you’ve probably already started your own email list and have worked to grow it. You know the best times to send an email, and have played around with different email marketing ideas  to effectively reach your subscribers. According to Jeff Bullas, not all emails are created the same. Top performing marketing departments have 2.5x more ROI  than the average. What makes those emails different from the average? It’s a mix of a few factors- such as engagement and personalization- that marketers put a lot of work into getting right. In 2015, increasing subscriber engagement  was the top initiative for marketers when it came to email marketing, while for 2017, personalization  was a top concern. Even if you are getting good results from your current email marketing campaigns, there are certainly things that you can try to do even better. Let’s take a look at some top email marketing examples to draw inspiration from. Tool Tip: Did you know integrates with leading email service providers, so you can manage entire marketing campaigns all on one calendar? See how you can get more organized. Table of Contents: Spotify Uber Buzzfeed Dominos Spotify As a business that is well-known for their success in reaching users with personalized content, you can learn a lot about email marketing from Spotify. Every year, Spotify creates an end-of-year playlist for each of their subscribers and sends an email informing them about it. The email contains user-specific data showing the their most-played songs, top artists/genres, the total time they've spent listening to music on the platform, as well as the days they are most active during the week. The email finishes off with a link to the playlist Spotify made for them. Needless to say, users love this end-of-year wrap up and demonstrate their giddiness by sharing their results with friends, online. Source: https://www.impactbnd.com/hs-fs/hubfs/spotify%202016%20email.png?t=1519345402521width=727height=5152name=spotify%202016%20email.png 4 Email Newsletter Examples and How to Effectively Emulate Them for Your Business by @shane_barker...What You Can Learn From Spotify: The power of personalized content. Something as basic as a personalized subject line can increase email opens by 26%. Furthermore, personalized emails can deliver 6x higher transaction rates  and 74% of marketers report that personalized emails increase engagement. 4 Ways Make Your Emails More Personalized With Spotify as your guide, here are some tips to create more personalized emails: Automate emails to take action after triggers. According to Campaign Monitor, automated customer journeys are about sending the right information at the right time. Doing so shows the customer that you are paying attention- a resource that is otherwise in short supply! By immediately taking action right after a customer interacts with your website, you are helping them to reconnect and remember you. Leverage dynamic content. Some email marketing software providers offer a dynamic content  feature, which allows you to determine which users get to see a specific block of content. Adidas did this during a campaign for their Originals series. Male subscribers were shown the menswear collection, and the women were shown the womenswear collection. By doing this, subscribers were exposed to products of the most relevance  to them. Source: https://www.campaignmonitor.com/assets/uploads/2016/02/Personalized-content-sections.gif Here's another version for women: Source: https://www.campaignmonitor.com/assets/uploads/2016/02/Personalized-content-sections.gif Integrate with other sources of data, such as your Facebook Insights data, CRM, or ecommerce platform. This allows you to create richer customer profiles that include things such as behavioral data and purchase history- not just demographics. Segment your email list. Personalization isn't just about delivering personalized content. It’s also about determining what content is most apt for a certain group (also known as targeting or segmentation). Targeted emails result in a 14.32% higher open rate  and 100% higher click rate than non-targeted emails. Marketers have noted that segmented campaigns have brought in 760% more revenue  than non-segmented campaigns. Segmented emails also increase customer retention, and lead to more engagement  and sales. Recommended Reading: The Best Way to Organize an Effective Email Marketing Strategy How to Segment Your List There are several ways to segment your email list; do what makes most sense for your business. For ecommerce shops, here are some ways to segment your email list: New customers Repeat customers Inactive customers (haven't purchased or interacted with the business in a long time) Product interest (by gender category or type of product frequently purchased) Demographics (gender, age, income) Website behavior. Research from Mailchimp shows that segmenting according to online behavior increased email clicks by almost 16% Lead magnet used to sign up What can you learn about #email #marketing from Spotify? Uber Uber often sends emails to alert subscribers of promotions, deals, and news. Whatever the message, their emails are always consistent with their minimalist branding. Part of Uber’s success lies in their strong brand consistency. For one, their emails are designed  simply. There aren't too many busy elements that will distract the reader from the email’s main goal. Having a lot of white space in an email campaign gives the reader a visual break and allows them to focus or zoom into where you want them to be paying attention. Uber’s content is straightforward for the people that skim emails, but they also have a longer version available for those that want to know more about what they're sharing. The short content complements a clear call-to-action  (CTA). Source: https://d3ukzap5f2wa8d.cloudfront.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/23074121/erica-guest-post.png Check out this email newsletter example from @uberWhat You Can Learn from Uber: Keep your email design simple and stay true to your branding. A simple design won’t distract from your CTA. Keep the CTA short and straightforward so that those that receive your emails will immediately take action. Recommended Reading: The Email Copywriting Process You Need to Get More Conversions 8 Ways to Optimize your CTA Use verbs or action-oriented text, and make sure it is interesting. Don't use boring, generic words like â€Å"submit†, â€Å"enter† or â€Å"click here†. Be specific  about the actions you want customers to take, such as â€Å"download the free ebook here!† versus just saying â€Å"download†. Make your CTA short. No one wants to read a long line of text. Campaign Monitor  says 2-3 words are good- try to keep it under 5 or 6. Ensure your CTA is seen. A simple and clean design will help highlight the CTA but you still have to ensure that it is seen. Make it large enough to get noticed but not too large that it would appear obnoxious. Try using a contrasting color to really make it pop. Use the first person. A study from Unbounce showed that changing the CTA from the second person to the first person resulted in a 90% increase  in click-through rate. Try changing â€Å"download your free guide† to â€Å"download my free guide†. Create a sense of urgency. Sales 101: People respond to scarcity and need to be told what to do next, so tell them to â€Å"get it now!†. Have at least two CTAs: one above the fold, and one at the bottom of the email. There will always be people that skim emails, so you want to be able to convert them, too. A/B test to determine which CTA practices work best for you. What can #email #marketers learn from Uber? Buzzfeed Buzzfeed is a company that strives to create content that people want to share. While they are best known for their kick-ass, quirky, and punchy content, their content scope is wide enough to also include some investigative journalism pieces. In an interview with Buzzfeed’s former director of newsletters, Dan Oshinsky, he shares that when he started out at Buzzfeed, it was difficult for readers to subscribe to Buzzfeed’s newsletter, and as a result, there weren’t many subscribers on their email list. To change that, they’ve worked hard to shine the spotlight on the value of opting in to their newsletters,   throughout their entire website. One of the ways they did this was by creating content specifically to promote newsletter signups, like the article, â€Å"19 cute ways the BuzzFeed Animals newsletter will ruin your day.† As a result, they’ve amassed over 1 million subscribers in a year. Although their strategy for getting  subscribers is commendable, what’s more commendable is how they've retained  their email subscribers. They do this through the use of interesting subject lines and preview text. This is important, as 69% of people report emails as spam  based on subject lines alone. Conversely, 35% of people decide to open emails based on subject lines alone. Source: https://dg0i88et9d9ko.cloudfront.net/sites/default/files/styles/inline_large/public/buzzfeed-email-example.png?itok=2BpFrWwX Check out this email newsletter example from @BuzzfeedThe aforementioned example involves a slightly weird subject line that will intrigue those who receive the email. Additionally, many of BuzzFeed’s emails are accompanied by interesting preview text related to the subject line. Sometimes, when they use questions as a subject line, these are followed up by answers. For direct commands, like in this next example, the preview text shows the next logical statement: Source: https://blog.hubspot.com/hs-fs/hub/53/file-363501538-png/Blog-Related_Images/buzzfeed_inbox.png?noresizet=1519429416527width=669name=buzzfeed_inbox.png What You Can Learn From Buzzfeed: Have short but interesting subject lines, since there are people that decide to open emails based on subject lines alone. You can follow this up with equally interesting or catchy preview text. Tool Tip: Test every subject line before you hit send with 's Email Subject Line Tester. 3 Ways to Improve Your Subject Lines Personalize them. As mentioned previously, a personalized subject line can increase email opens by 26%. Keep them short. 67% of all emails are opened on mobile devices. Although Mailchimp  found that there is no statistical link between email opens and subject line length, it is recommended that subject lines be 50 characters or less to make it easier for your recipients to read it on their mobile phones. Test subject lines. Many email service providers, such as Mailchimp and Campaign Monitor, provide easy access to A/B testing tools. Read ’s guide on how to write the best email subject lines  for more in-depth information on how to test your email subject lines. What can #email #marketers learn from Buzzfeed? Domino’s According to a Litmus survey, interactive emails are the top trend for email marketing in 2017. Interactive emails allow users to take action within an email that triggers an event within the same email. These interactions can surprise and delight the customers and can take the form of: Quizzes, polls, or surveys Dropdown or navigation within an email A photo gallery, carousel, or video Shopping carts Real-time news updates GIFs As for an example, Domino’s sent subscribers an interactive email to promote their new Italiano range. Making it more interactive made it more fun than just sending in a photo of all five pizzas. Additionally, it invited the users to engage with it. Source: https://www.impactbnd.com/hs-fs/hubfs/E8aFsMipSH.gif?t=1519518876495width=960name=E8aFsMipSH.gif Check out this email newsletter example from @dominosWhat You Can Learn From Domino’s: An interactive email is more fun than the standard fare and invites engagement from your recipients. Making an interactive email does not have to be complicated; you can start off with GIFs. Just make sure that whatever you do is tested across common email clients and is optimized for mobile! Recommended Reading: How to Make an Email Newsletter Your Customers Will Love 3 Ways to Increase Interactivity in Emails Incorporate surveys, polls and reviews. Some travel sites (like Expedia or Booking.com) will send a post-stay survey asking you how your room was. They’ll offer a few choices for you to rate the room, and when you click on the choice, they will ask more questions or direct you to an external website where you can fill out the survey. It’s better to capture survey results from within the email because once you start redirecting to another page, the customer may give up on responding. Combine rewards with your interactive content to motivate customers to open these emails. Send digital scratch,  peel, tear, or sliding cards connected to discounts or freebies. Companies like Zembula  can help you to incorporate interactive email content. This tactic encourages customers to engage with the email before they receive a discount. Include video. Video is expected to comprise 80% of all internet traffic by 2019. At the same time, people are tired of the clutter that too much content brings. Video, as when used in a website, also brings increased click-through rates and ROI when used in email. â€Å"The University of Minnesota has seen as much as a 40% increase in click-through rates  when they include a video in their email newsletters, and Wistia reports a staggering 55% increase!†, reports Colby Cavanaugh, SVP of Marketing for Emma.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Explain the differences between globalization and modernization Essay

Explain the differences between globalization and modernization. Explain why people are migrating all over the globe Is this migration based on economics, politics or social changes - Essay Example According to He, the modern societies are considered healthier and wealthy and people in the non-developed countries are willing to adapt western culture and lifestyles since it is considered modern (p 242). It is evident that societies that are considered modern have a higher quality of life due to efficient transport infrastructure, higher income levels, quality healthcare and better education systems (He 244). Globalization and modernization differ in many aspects since globalization is mainly spearheaded by global economic integration while modernization is spearheaded by social development of the society. Globalization influences the international division of labor, allocation of capital, and national power thus leading to inequalities among the nations. In this case, modernization is a global process while globalization is just one of the phenomenon of modernization, but the two have no direct connections (He 240). Globalization has been influenced by the deregulation of national economies, formation of international trade and finance organizations, and intensity of competition in domestic markets that has forced the firms to expand to foreign markets. On the other hand, modernization is driven by the desire to attain higher standards of living, social-cultural shifts towards information and technology and higher education levels (He 245). Globalization is a deliberate process that is undertaken by the national governments through trade agreements and political agreements while modernization is a transition process that takes place due to technologies discoveries that forces society to move from agricultural to industry society and finally to a risky society that is characterized by diversity and individualistic culture (He 247). The transition to a modern society will lead to changes in perceptions on family, religion, politics and economy since modern societies are regarded

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

The Origins of World War I Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Origins of World War I - Essay Example The causes are better understood within a broader historical context than in instances of contextual isolation (Hamilton & Herwig, 2004). There were many contributing causes, exerting varying degrees of influence, at different periods leading up to the conflict. Had Germany remained fragmented and un-unified, for instance, there is a possibility that the larger scope of the war might have been avoided. This essay, therefore, proceeds on the assumption that there were many mutually reinforcing causal factors rather than a more particular cause per se. A final complication involves the reality underlying certain alleged causal factors, and the ways in which the involved parties varied in their perceptions of these realities. There were, to be sure, underestimations and overestimations. There were fears fanned by imperfect knowledge regarding the intentions and the capabilities of other countries and alliances. As this essay will argue, the ultimate participants seemed always to be preparing for a worst-case scenario, and perhaps created their own self-fulfilling prophecy. There were moments when crises could have been averted, moments when falsehoods could have been cured through the introduction of facts, but the competitive momentum of the historical period in which the participants existed seemed to tolerate no such notions of tolerance or sharing. The Balance of Power was jealously guarded by some, envied by others, and conflict exploded with assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand. This essay will set forth a number of causal factors. The greatest contributing causal factors were the ideological tilts toward nationalism, a number of structural and systemic alterations to the Balance of Power in Europe, and a number of smaller crises which sharpened the competitive conflicts of major European countries. These causal factors occurred over many years and it took time for the Great War to come to fruition. When it did, the power of the combatants was fearful. 1.1 Ideological Causes As a preliminary matter, it is of fundamental importance to understand what ideologies motivated politicians and countries to act in this historical period; indeed, competitive drives, both offensive and defensive, were in many ways the product of particular types of thinking. What we take for granted today, the sovereignty of nation-states, was not so well-established in the period leading up to World War One; to be sure, the Westphalian system, conceived of and developed by Europe in the mid-seventeenth century, was in many ways incomplete and embryonic. There were stronger nation-states, such as Great Britain and France, and weaker amalgamations of peoples such as in Germany and Italy. The drive was to become a fully-functioning and unified nation-state. It is here that ideology intruded into the conduct of European affairs. Ideology intruded because ideology was deemed necessary to mobilize peoples into larger nation-states and also as a form of political legitimacy for the ultimate rulers. This ideological growth was most commonly expressed in terms of nationalism and patriotism. People, to varying degrees, were encouraged to embrace their own unique culture and ethnicity. Dangerously, and of particular relevance to this essay,

Sunday, November 17, 2019

The Adventure of the Speckled Band  Essay Example for Free

The Adventure of the Speckled Band   Essay This passage is very strange since it is a comedy scene in a very serious situation. It is in contrast to the rest of the story and may have been used to give light relief to the reader following the tense episodes before.  Towards the end of the story, the writer takes us inside the mind of anarchist. Showing us how he feels triumphant and more powerful than any anarchist before, how he has now become infamous.  How brilliantly he had planned it, forged the letter of introduction, and got into the laboratory, and how brilliantly he had seized his opportunity! The world should hear of him at last. All those people who had sneered at him, neglected him, preferred other people to him, found his company undesirable, should consider him at last. This is ironic because, as he is getting more and more confident about being famous, the tube containing Cholera breaks on him. The anarchist knows that he will now be the first to die and that he now cannot kill anyone else as he had hoped. The mood changes as the anarchist is no longer feeling triumphant but depressed until he realises that if he drinks the tiny drops left that he will be the first to die but will also be a martyr to his cause. He jumps out of his cab and begins to brush himself against on as many people as he can, hoping to spread the disease. The end of the story is very ironic and has a twist which we also saw in Napoleon and the Spectre. The germ that the Anarchist stole was not a germ at all, he had stole the bacteriologists formula to turn monkey, kittens and puppies blue. He only told the anarchist it was Cholera to impress him. The bacteriologist yelled blue ruin when the anarchist had taken it because that was the name of the formula, and he chased after him because it would have been too much trouble to make another batch.  In conclusion, I thought this story was good; it had sudden mood changes which made it interesting and a twist at the end of the story, which kept the intrigue going to the end. The Adventure of the Speckled Band  Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was born in 1859 and died in 1930. He created the world famous character Sherlock Holmes in a story called A Study in Scarlet published in 1887. He based the character on Joseph Bell, who was a surgeon he had trained with and was particularly struck by his powers of observation and logic. The Adventure of the Speckled Band was widely admired as one of the best written, most exciting Sherlock Holmes stories, it was written in 1892. The story begins with Dr. Watson, Sherlock Holmes assistant, explaining about Holmes and how he solves cases I had no keener pleasure than in following Holmes in his professional investigations, and in admiring the rapid deductions, as swift as intuitions, and yet always founded on a logical basis, with which he unravelled the problems which were submitted to him From this we not only learn Holmes method of work but also that his companion Watson, holds him in high regard. The character Watson is a little dim, which emphasises Sherlocks cleverness and intuitiveness. This shows that there is contrast between the characters. Holmes is approached by Miss Helen Stoner who is desperate for his help concerning her sisters mysterious death. On meeting Holmes he comments on her shivering it is not cold which makes me shiver. It is fear Mr Holmes. It is terror This captures the readers interest and they are eager to find out what this young lady is so afraid of.  The reader sees Sherlock Holmes deductive techniques almost at once, when he makes and observation about the sleeves of his client, Miss Helen Stoner. There is no mystery, my dear madam, said he, smiling. The left arm of your jacket is splattered with mud in no less than seven places. The marks are perfectly fresh. There is no vehicle save a dog cart which throws up mud in that way, and then only when you sit on the left hand side of the driver. This gives the reader a clear idea of how Sherlock approaches a case and his acute sense of observation. Miss Stoner is extremely anxious about her sisters mysterious death. Helens sister, Julia, died in a locked room, just before she was due to get married and her death could not be explained But I have heard Mr Holmes, that you can see deeply into the manifold wickedness of the human heart. You may advise me how to walk amid the dangers which encompass me This not only gets the full attention of Holmes but of the audience too. Helen is about to become married and is due to stay in the same room as her sister and is therefore very worried. When reading her account of what happened, we are introduced to her Step- father Dr Roylott, we learn that he has killed his butler. This gives a dark impression of him from the start. We then learn that he is to give each of his step daughters an annual sum in the event of their marriage. Doyle continues to build a negative image of Dr Roylott, referring to his temper approaching mania and him becoming the terror of the village and folks would fly at his approach, for he is a man of immense strength, and absolutely uncontrollable in his anger The reader now has a very clear image that this is a character to fear and tension is beginning to build in them as to what this man is capable of. They are also given a clue as what is coming when Doyle refers to Royletts passion for Indian animals. In contrast to Dr Royletts frightening demeanour, Doyle shows Helen Stoner and her sister to be frail, long suffering victims of this man You can imagine from what I say that my poor sister Julia and I had no great pleasure in our lives The reader is made to feel pity for these girls.  Miss Stoner goes on to relate her sisters untimely and mysterious death. We learn that Dr Roylett, Julia and Helens bedrooms were all together on the ground floor of the manor house. There is no connection between these rooms and they all open onto the same corridor. We also learn that the sisters lock themselves into their room at night as they dont feel safe with Dr Royletts exotic animals roaming around. Julia has mentioned to her a strange whistling that she has heard during the previous nights have you ever heard anyone whistle in the dead of night? This is an extremely eerie comment and intrigues the reader as to what may be responsible for this sound. We see the same technique used in Napoleon and the Spectre. It is at this point that the reader is first made aware of the speckled band As Helen recounts the events of her sisters death, she refers to a low whistle preceded a wild scream of a terrified woman. She goes on to tell how she found her sister her face blanched with terror collapsing in terrible pain and shrieking about It was a band! The speckled band. Doyle has used a lot of descriptive language to create this scene, to give the reader a clear picture of the horrendous death of this young woman. This builds the tension that is already building in the audience in terms of Dr Roylett. The next part of the story relays how Helen herself is due to be married and has to stay in the room her sister died in. On the first night there, Helen while laying awake and thinking of her sisters death, hears a low whistle. It is following this episode that Helen runs from the manor house and goes to Sherlock Holmes for help. The reader is now full of tension and is desperate to see Sherlock protect Helen from this unseen danger. This shows that Doyle has achieved a high level of climatic tension. He increases the tension further by bringing Holmes and Dr Roylett together. The description of Roylett in detailed and uses metaphors like seared with a thousand wrinkles and marked with every evil passion he ends his description by comparing Roylett to a fierce bird of prey Once again the reader is given a clear and negative picture of Roylett and empasises that Helen may be his object of prey. Holmes however is not in the slightest bit intimidated by Roylett which reassures the reader that Holmes may yet be able to protect Helen from her step father. When Roylett bends the poker with his bare hands and throws the twisted poker into the fireplace Holmes laughs at this which reinforces to the reader that Holmes is not intimidated by Roylett and is therefore the hero in the story. The story then moves to Holmes examining the three bedrooms at the manor house. He discovers that in Helens room, which was previously Julias room, that there is a dummy bell rope This is very interesting. You can see now that it is fastened to a hook just above where the little opening for the ventilator is he also spots that the ventilators do not ventilate. This allows the reader to attempt to solve the puzzles alongside Holmes which keeps them intrigued. Another clue is revealed upon the discovery of a saucer of milk on Dr Royletts desk. Doyle has given the reader enough clues to solve the mystery themselves, however he has also littered the case with red herrings. This adds to the intrigue and tension within the story. Towards the end of the story Doyle uses a conversation between Watson and Holmes to highlight the significant clues. This keeps the clues fresh in the readers mind and again gives them the opportunity to solve the case themselves. This is a clever literary device as it keeps the reader who wants to solve the crime themselves interested but for those who are not keen to do the work they still want to read on as they are aware they are near to the solution becoming evident.  The story concludes with Holmes pulling all the pieces of evidence together and giving a blow by blow description of the events. This was my favourite of the three stories. I particularly liked the way Doyle gave the reader the opportunity to solve the crime themselves. This keeps the reader actively involved with the story and makes them eager to read on to gather more and more evidence. I enjoyed the manner in which Doyle makes you care for the victim and therefore get behind Holmes in his attempts to solve the crime, even though all along you know he will. This style of writing would encourage readers to want to read more Doyle stories as you would develop an affection for Watson and Holmes. Almost as though they were personal friends.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Development Factors For Pakistan Information Technology Essay

Development Factors For Pakistan Information Technology Essay It is estimated that there are roughly 450,000 new computers every year in Pakistan. While this seems a pitifully the small numbers, it represents a three-fold increase compared to 1996-1997. Analyst predicts that this number will increase 4-5 times in the next three years. Meanwhile, Pakistan economy is still largely based on the low-tech, low-value industries that have long been fully mechanized and running very efficiently in developed nations and, therefore, do not attract premier revenue from world markets. In order to put its economy on track to compete with the growing economies of the world, Pakistan needs to quickly take steps to train and bring its workforce to the international educational standards, incorporate new technologies and modern management practices into its existing industries, and bring intense focus on building an information-based economy by upgrading the technical and managerial skills of its people. The world economy has already moved from low-value basic industries to a fast paced high-value information based economy. Many countries have taken concrete steps to rejuvenate their stagnated industrial base by rapidly moving to the new-age technologies to produce products and services that are in great demand in the world markets. Information technology is the current choice of many developing and developed countries to upgrade their economies and become competitive in the global market place. The IT-based economies have streamlined the most complex economies of the world and enhanced the productivity to the level where an economy such as that of the US has wriggled out of the entire trillion-plus dollars national deficit and turned into a surplus in recent years. To compete with the growing economies of the world, Pakistan needs to educate, train and bring its workforce to the international educational standards, incorporate new technologies and modern management practices into its industry, and bring intense focus on building an information-based economy by upgrading the technical and managerial skills of its people Development Factors for Pakistan a. Good Governance and Strategic management b. Economic Stability c. High Agricultural Yield d. Industrial Energy e. Poverty Alleviation f. Positive Impact on International Foreign Policies IT as a Tool to Achieve the Development Factors No invention has ever influenced the human beings as computer has. In less than seven decades of its existence it has managed, materializing the concept of a global village. Technologies like Computational Intelligence, Neural Networks, Genetic Algorithms, Data Communication Networks, Telecommunication, Databases, and Evolutionary Computing etc; collectively offer the business community a broad set of tools capable of addressing problems that are much harder or virtually impossible to solve using the more traditional techniques from statistics to operations research. Country running and putting it on the track of the development is very complex task and might requires the decisions making on the basis of the countrys past experience and present situation which is obviously available in the form data. Todays best technology to manage and process data is the Information Technology. Information Technology implementation is one of the ways to fulfill and execute the development factors on the right way, which will help the nation to grow in peace and prosperity, which will create a momentum that will result the development of Pakistan. Good Governance and Strategic management IT must be seen as an investment and not an expense. It requires vision and bold leadership to employ IT as a tool, but it must be coupled with sincere commitment to good governance since without that IT can be detrimental to the freedom and well being of the citizens. Globally, IT and good governance has come to stay and any delay in its adoption can only be at the cost of the development of the country, thus the choice must be made sooner rather than later. IT trends and technology directions have brought in applications and solutions for socio-economic development and have greatly contributed to good governance. Before deliberating on these contributions, let us turn to the second but most important part of todays subject good governance. Governance is the manner in which power is exercised by government in the management of the countrys social and economic resources, while good governance is the exercise of power by various levels of government that is effective, honest, equitab le, transparent, and accountable, thereby leading the way to the greatest happiness of the greatest numbers. A state, often has three separate branches under a constitution, namely: Legislature, Judiciary and Executive. In anticipation that each of the branches might go wrong from time-to-time and when that happened, the other two branches of state individually or together could use their power to get the offending branches back on the constitutional track. Legislative, an important institution of the state provides for the benefit of citizens the information regarding what is being said, debated and legislated for them. Towards this, IT has been employed to record all the speeches as well as all laws presented and enacted by the legislature basically in the form of texts and scripts but given the current available technology as voice or video recording available on the Internet. This information is of value not only to citizens but also to the new legislatures for learning history as well as preparing their own presentations in the legislative assembly, thus improving the quality of debate as well as avoidance of repetitive statements or time consuming checks and references towards achieving good governance. Judiciary has long benefited from IT by having case laws available to judges and to lawyers. Libraries for any professions are extremely important in terms of quality of work. The electronic library has revolutionized the world and professionalism. The central database for various reference laws has provided the service to professionals, which has in turn brought the speedy and inexpensive justi ce to the citizens. In countries like ours, where the strength of courts in terms of judges is restricted and has been identified as one of the cause of inefficiency in delivering speedy justice, the use of IT for administration of the courts and the jails is a major contributor to good governance. Citizens who have been in jails for more than their possible term, if the offence was to be proved, such information when available on computers and freely accessible brings speedy justice and reduced level of administrative costs both of courts and jails. In addition, it brings accountability of institutions and officers towards rule of law. A comprehensive administrative system helps scheduling of cases to bring efficiency and cost of litigation down, resulting in less expensive justice to citizens and making lawyers and judges more productive. Executive, the major interface of citizens with the state has the responsibility of planning, execution and monitoring. With a large population and widespread territory, IT becomes a natural ally for planning and delivering the needed services to the citizens. Planning presupposes information about countries resources such as human physical and financial. Database of all citizens is therefore fundamental to sound planning and delivery of social services like education and health, utility services like water and electricity, infrastructure like roads network are best provided by IT. In addition, economic planning is inconceivable without IT. Economic opportunities for job market supported closely by education planning can help reduce unemployment. Citizens consider all this as their right, in return for taxes paid to the national exchequer. A comprehensive, clean and correct citizens database leads to effective electoral lists and fair elections for moving towards good governance and in implementing merit based administration where appropriate people are selected for right jobs Economic Stability Needless to mention that we are in groaning need of foreign exchange to cater to our many needs. At the moment our foreign exchange reserves have not yet crossed the limit of even $2 billion and that too, is due to a number of debts and loans extended to us by a number of loan giving agencies, which in their turn would also drain our national resources to a great extent. The importance of information technology in the present world can not be underestimated as it has dominated almost all the fields of business and industry including the service sector and one having no touch with this technology would not be able to make any progress in the century to come. Instead of discussing the role of this technology in the economic development of Pakistan, it would be more appropriate to say that there would be no desired economic development of any country without fully adopting this technology. The role of IT in a financial services organization is broadly: Supporting operational efficiencies and that simply means doing routine tasks better, faster, or cheaper. Volumes are the key here and in financial institutions, the transactions that are usually handled in the back-office operations units need to be automated from account maintenance, billing, through processing of payments, loans, trade financing, reconciliation and so on. Facilitating customer services delivery increasing customer touch points, extending the duration of service, improving service delivery. Whether by automating teller functions, providing E-banking services, installing automatic teller machines (ATMs), providing PC or Internet banking. In short, making the promise to the customer Anytime, Anywhere, Anyhow a reality! Risk management providing the capability to manage identify, assess and control the banks risk and exposure, whether related to operations, credit, assets, market risk and so on. Credit limit monitoring, dealing with interest rate and foreign exchange rate changes to manage product viability, and treasury and asset/liability management to ensure that regulatory reserve requirements are met. Technology must facilitate management with timely and accurate information, and Decision support the availability of information and tools to determine trends, make forecasts, and plan strategically. Today the tools available for decision support are mind-boggling, and data warehousing and data mining provide todays management with the power to gain deep insight into customer and transaction profiles and trends, with which to make strategic decisions in implementing products and services and also to align the business with reality If a country adopt IT to do all of the above, it should enable th e organization (country) to be effective, competitive, and hopefully, profitable. High Agricultural Yield Expert Systems is one of the important application oriented branches of Artificial intelligence. In the past decade, a great deal of expert systems had been developed and applied to many fields such as office automation, science, and medicine including agriculture. At the beginning of development of the agriculture expert systems, the areas selected are applications to diagnosis the diseases and pests of various crops. In recent years, research and development of the expert system fields of agriculture domain have been paid much attention by many countries, not only by developed countries but also developing countries. The complexity of problems confronting farmers like yield loses, soil erosion, diminishing market prices from international competition, increasing chemical pesticides costs and pest resistance and economic barriers hindering adoption of farming strategies necessitates that they become expert managers of all aspects of their farming operations. On the other hand agricu ltural researchers need to address problems of farm management and discover new management strategies to promote farm success. Numerical methods have failed because understanding about crop systems are qualitative based on experience and cannot be mathematically represented. Expert System are Computer programs that are different from conventional computer programs as they solve problems by mimicking human reasoning processes, relying on logic, belief, rules of thumb opinion and experience. An Agricultural Expert System is a Decision Support System for Agricultural Extension Agents who has to decide what advice to be offered to farmers who have to decide what action to take based on it. It is one of the most efficient extension tool to take the technology from scientists to the farmers directly without any dilution of content which normally creeps in because of the number of agencies involved in normal technology transfer systems. Following are the example of expert systems that are assisting in the agriculture domain. GRAIN MARKETING ADVISOR is an expert system for determining marketing alternatives and supports grain producers in finding optimal strategies. Individual farm conditions are considered. Information on storage and dryer availability, price level, price trend, government program eligibility, and timing, is required as input data. COMAX provides information on integrated crop management in cotton. It is designed for use by farmers, farm managers, and country and soil conservation agents. The system uses a combination of expert derived rules and results generated by the cotton crop simulation model named. GOSSYM. It requires external information such as weather data soil physical parameters, soil fertility levels, and certain pest management information. Based on this input data, the system makes daily management decision recommendations. POMME provides information about pest and orchard management of apples. This system provides knowledge about fungicides, insecticides, freeze, frost and drought damage, non-chemical care options as well as information from a disease model to the farmers Industrial Energy Industry is the back bone of any country. Pakistan is exporting 68% of the export from its textile industry which is obviously contributing a major part in Pakistan economy. During the development of more and more powerful and inexpensive computers, and faster, more reliable, and less expensive communication, energy utilities has increased the use of computers in the management of energy systems. For a few a years it has economically feasible to install more or less advanced energy control systems in industries and at other large customers premises. Energy Load Management is the concept of managing loads at the demand side in order to run the energy system more efficiently. The very basic principle is to try to move load from expensive to less expensive time period. Time period can be expensive for many different reasons, stemming from either production or distribution. Intelligent Multi-agent system is the answer to question of todays energy management, Poverty Alleviation The problem of poverty can only be solved through improving the total economic and social opportunities and equitable distributions of the benefits of growth to all particularly the poor thereby providing security to people who are unable to participate in the contribution of economic growth and governance. In the past decade, the advances particularly in the field of information technology have been so rapid that it has changed the shape of all economic activities in the world, and pushing the world towards globalization. However, in Pakistan efforts were never made to deliver the benefits to the poor, like improved basic services including education, health care, and in equipping the poor with necessary information and skills to bring them into the mainstream of society so that they can be the productive partners. A dramatic transition in the global economy is taking place. The globalization movement, which involves new economic world order and trade arrangements, has put developed and industrialized nations in the forefront of commerce. Then there is the shift-taking place from the oil-powered economy to the technology-driven economy followed by digital economy. In both movements, the wealthy economies and affluent sections of society in these economies will control the origination, maintenance and continuous growth in the decades to come. Now is the opportunity, to open up a corridor of empowerment for the poor. Otherwise, the poor will suffer even worst, resulting in a potential hot lid of social unrest. if left to market forces of digital economy, the poor will be left behind in light years, creating tension and potential disturbance to society. Information technology can open up this corridor of opportunity and shall be used as a key to empowering the poor and thereby gaining information to shape better decisions to determine their own destiny. Information technology can empower the poor like never before. Positive Impact on International Foreign Policies In a major foreign-policy speech at the University of Nebraska on December 8, 2000, President Clinton pointed out that there are 700 high-tech companies in Silicon Valley headed by Indians, and called for an end to the cold war estrangement between the US and India, and the start of a systematic, committed relationship. Indian IT, in other words, is even making a positive impact on US foreign policy, at least as perceived through Indian eyes! There are, of course, many IT companies in the US headed by Pakistanis as well, and the IT sector in Pakistan too is flourishing. However, Pakistan seems to have lagged behind in its marketing of these skills. This is surely an area that we could cooperate in, particularly since the Indian IT industry is starved of qualified people. One area in both countries that does need special attention is IT education. The IT sector is highly labor-intensive, and the lack of trained professionals could easily squander the positive international image that we have painstakingly built up.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Metternich System

â€Å"France made its revolutions and gave them their ideas, to the point where a tricolor of some kind became the emblem of virtually every emerging nation, and European (or indeed world) politics between 1789 and 1917 were largely the struggle for and against the principles of 1789, or the even more incendiary ones of 1793. † The principles of the French revolution lived on in every European continent; the French Revolution poured out its ideas and sent shock waves throughout Europe.Therefore this phenomenon together with the period of enlightenment, contributed to the rise of consciousness and of antagonism against the â€Å"Ancien Regime† (a general term for ‘The Old Order’ in Europe before the French Revolution of 1789, when most countries were ruled by absolute monarchs and the aristocracy were the dominant class). The Bourgeoisie class took full advantage of this period to bring across their needs and Ideologies but was rarely at the forefront of the revolution as the peasants were usually causing the riots. The Bourgeoisie played a more underlying role in this revolution.The people within the perimeters of the European wanted nationalism and liberalism. Napoleon Bonaparte also known as the â€Å"little corporal† came and restored stability and glory to France , â€Å"He was the man of the Revolution, and the man who brought stability. † Napoleon brought the French Revolution to its conclusion when he entered the French arena to restore peace by putting an end to the â€Å"Reign of Terror â€Å"and extinguishing the fire of the Bourgeoisie . His megalomaniac personality and ambitious thirst for battles made France a great power in Europe.This was illustrated in the series of battles he won, â€Å"Napoleon fought about sixty battles in his career and won all but a few of them, he rose to power because of his victories and fell because of his defeats. † Metternich’s influence came about before the en d of Napoleon’s regime. â€Å"Metternich was first appointed foreign minister in 1809 the Habsburg Empire was at its lowest point in its struggle against Napoleon. The French leader had forced the Empire out of its northern Italian territories, taken over the Austrian Netherlands and subsumed the Habsburg parts of Poland into the Duchy of Warsaw.Habsburg domination of Germany had also been smashed as a result of the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. This was a particularly powerful psychological blow to the dynasty’s sense of self worth: the Habsburgs had been Holy Roman Emperors for almost all of the previous 400 years and suddenly it no longer existed. To add insult to injury, this particular act of Napoleonic modernisation changed the title of the Habsburg Emperor from Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, to Francis I, Emperor of the remaining Habsburg dominions. One of the few times in history that a monarch has been devalued. Napoleon was defeated in 1815, after w hich the initiative was taken through the employment of the Vienna Congress of 1814-1815, to restore political stability to the fragile European which Napoleon had compromised. The Vienna Congress was chaired by Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, its objective was to address issues which arose out of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. This settlement lead to the redrawing of the continental map, in so doing establishing new boundaries of France, the Netherlands, Germany, Italian territories and Napoleon’s duchy of Warsaw.In 1815 when Napoleon failed to reassert his influence over Europe, the Congress of Vienna to all intensive purposes coped well with this problem. The Second Treaty of Paris further punished the French by reducing her borders to that of 1790, enforcing a large indemnity on her as well as forcing her to give back the stolen art pillaged from European Cities. This was a just punishment for France who had supported and welcomed Napoleon’s return. Additionally the Congress was against liberalism and nationalism which infiltrated into other European states from the French Revolution which they felt would disrupt their conservatism. First, it was necessary to build a security ring around the recent aggressor, France, and second, to provide the customary cartographical compensation for all the allied partners. † The Congress of Vienna also had to deal with the key matters of containing France, which was accomplished by strengthening those countries on the French border. The Austrian Netherlands was incorporated into Holland, and on France's southern borders, Piedmont, Nice and Savoy became one state.Of course these new single states, not one could contain France by physical presence alone and so the Quadruple Alliance was signed by the major powers for a further 20 years should France rise up again the Congress was very â€Å"lenient† towards France despite the fact that they had just been defeated. Their main purpo se was to restore the â€Å"status quo† and by doing this, they were able to ignore the demands for democracy and nationalism by the French people. Metternich made every effort to remove political or administrative power from local or subordinate levels and oncentrate it in a central authority was illustrated through his opposition of conservatism. He was of the opinion that that social mobility should be based on ascription not on achievement. Metternich was known for his advocation of strong, administratively efficient governmental organization which he felt was successfully portrayed by his ideal form of government the monarchs. This is captured when he said he opposed any other type of government and constitutional change which he felt would inevitably lead to chaos and revolutions.Metternich was aware that all of Europe was conscientious and was aroused easily by the ever present spirit of nationalism and liberalism inherited from the French Revolution. Consequently this is the sole reason for his objection of liberalism and nationalism becoming operational. â€Å"Metternich therefore set his face against any constitutional change. Comparing revolution in turn to a hydra ready to swallow everthing up, to a fire, to a flood, and later to the cholera, hostile to the sovereignty of the people and constitutional government. As such Metternich’s principles opposed the ideology of liberty, equality and fraternity. The spread of Metternich’s ideology throughout Europe he tried to ensure that this objective was not materialized. Another great political idea development by Metternich was the Holy Alliance in 1815; this alliance was created by Tsar Alexander I, members of this alliance included Russia, Austria, and Prussia. The Holy Alliance was implemented to maintain the status quo so that the bourgeoisie were hindered from infiltrating into the upper class.Additionally the Quadruple Alliance of April 22, 1834 formed between Spain, France, B ritian and Portugal, was aimed at ensuring the victory of liberalism, at accomplishing a collective security and protecting the existing peace and balance of power. Social factors is seem as a factor that resulted in the revolutions. The 1820’s revolution damages were widespread as the first bout of unrest was experienced. Revolutionary upheavals began in the Italian states of Naples,Piedmont and Sicily.These revolutions â€Å"occurred because the political systems reimposed on Europe were profoundly, and in a period of rapid social change increasinglyinadequate for the political conditions of the Continent, and because of economic and social discontents were acute as to †¦outbreaks virtually inevitable. † They felt that the Metternich system disregarded their desire for liberalism and nationalism. In 1818, the church was restored to supremacy, regaining its influencial power in Naples this angered the people and the resentment against the leadership grew.The libe rals were inciting members of society to stage revolutions in efforts to gain freedom and oppose the leadership of the Kings whose rulings reflected the ideologies of the Metternich system. A proletarian and socialist revolutionary movement â€Å"was chiefly visible in the countries of the dual revolutions, Britian and France. † The most notably results of 1830’s revolution was the â€Å"modifications of left-wing politics. They split moderates from radicals and they created a new international situation. In doing so they helped to split the movement not only into different social but into different national segments. The 1820’s and the 1830’s revolution both failed miserably because of little cooperation among the revolutionary movement and due to isolation of territories which preferred to stay alienated instead of forming union between the territories. The economic factors must now be considered, Metternich’s system amended the administration t hroughout Europe. As such the changes fostered by the Vienna Congress in particular was a major handicap for some countries. The Vienna Congress rulings were catastrophic to France who had to repatriate seven million francs and relinquish some colonies from the Italian providences to Austria.Primarily because of the personal interest Metternich had in Austria such drastic effects were taken, therefore it can be stated that the major powers of the Vienna Congress made decisions to their individual advantage. Germany was another state who suffered immense losses just as France in efforts to settle international disputes. The territories bought economic stability as it increased the size of their purses and their power on the international arena. The Metternich system assisted in the financial prosperity of some nations while it crippled the acquisition of economic stability of other imperial powers.Metternich fetish of restoring the monarchy of many countries was a financial burden on many countries whose desire was to be included in this grand change. The economic hardships were responsible for many of the revolutions in Europe both before and after the Metternich’s rule. The congress of Aix-La Chapelle in 1818 had a major concern about what should be done with France in terms of allowing them to attend future congress meetings and more importantly if they should relieve them of their military occupation.The congress came to a unanimous decision on both issues where they allowed France to return to future meetings and the military occupation would end. â€Å"Metternich also frustrated Russian hopes of facilitating a Franco-Russian alliance as a counter to the Austrian-British alignment. He achieved this by sowing the seeds of mistrust between the two powers. The Congress of Aix-La-Chapelle therefore coped well with the problem facing it in 1818. † There was another meeting in 1820 that took place in Troppau which was convened to discuss the matter s about the uprising In Spain and Naples.Each of the main powers at the congress had a different view about how the matter should be handled. Metternich made the decision to take action in Naples as it posed a great threat to Austrian influence in Italy. Alexander who represented Russia at the congress wanted to send troops into Spain to restore the monarchy (Ferdinand) while Casltereagh (Britain) thought that Naples and Spain were continental problems and as a result were not a concern of the British.The end result was the signing of the Troppau protocol which was a great success for Metternich as he gained the support of Russia and isolated France. As Metternich gained the support of Russia, he somewhat lost the support of the British. â€Å"However on the whole the congress system itself had failed to cope with the problems of Spain and Naples. The question of Spain would remain a problem even after the Congress of Verona in 1822, and the Troppau agreement had split the major po wers in two. The system could not cope without a general agreement by all the major powers.The main problem was, all the major powers had differing opinions and interests, which made certain a general agreement on a course of action was unlikely. Without such an agreement time would run out on the lifeline of the system. † The Congress met for the last time in Verona, 1822 to discuss the fact that Spain was still facing problems and there was a revolution that was taking place in Greece as well. â€Å"It might seem as though the Congress had coped well with the problems it faced but this is misleading.The Spanish problem, had been a problem since 1820 and was still not solved. Metternich who had pressed for the signing of the Troppau protocol would still not summon action to be taken. † The congress system finally met its end in 1822. Some historians have argued that the system itself was a failure, however in my opinion this was not the case. Metternich accomplished a lot during his time such as his defeat of Napoleon and the formation of the Vienna Congress. â€Å"The Congresses stretching from Vienna to Verona had to contend with a number of issues and t was not surprising given the nature of the system itself that certain problems would split the powers in attendance. After all the motivation behind the creation of the Congress Meeting was to deal with France, and not to deal with revolutionary uprisings. How could the Congress system deals with problems it was not designed to face. † There were multiple views on all of issues which arose after 1818 and up to 1822 could not be accommodated. At Vienna and Aix La Chappelle the powers in attendance came to a general agreement, but there would be a time when no such agreement would be possible.This can be seen with the Troppau protocol which split the powers in two. â€Å"After the congress of Troppau time was effectively running out on the life line of the congress system. Britain no long er wanted to be involved in continental affairs that did not concern her directly and the other European powers had a mutual suspicion of one another's ambitions and interests. Forces of political intrigue were working behind the scenes to isolate powers and force an agreement on a certain course of action. †

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Duffys poetry Essay

A critic has writ7ten that â€Å"Duffy’s poetry is primarily concerned with human failings†. To what extent do you feel this is true of ‘The Worlds Wife’? Refer to two or three poems in detail or range more widely through the whole collection. Carol Ann Duffy’s collection of ‘The Worlds Wife’ revolves a lot around the subject of human failings. Duffy’s use of everyday language allows her poems to be interpreted by everyone. In the collection of ‘The Worlds Wife’ she tackles serious issues such as gender, contemporary culture, alienation and social inequality. These themes allow her to writing to appeal to a contemporary audience and delivers key messages. The theme of arrogance is seen in several poems, in Mrs Icarus we see that she finds his arrogance unappealing and that she feels as if men feel they can defy the acts of God â€Å"he’s a total, utter absolute, Grade A pillock. † This is similar to Faust, who sold his sole to the devil in return for twenty-four years of unlimited pleasure, knowledge and power; he boasts â€Å"I spent the night being pleasured by a virtual Helen of Troy. † Dr Faustus’ lack of self control, ignorance and plain arrogance could be assumed to be a failing, although he lived a happy life his inhibitions to be successful he needed the aid of the devil therefore he was doomed from the beginning. Here we can see the obvious links between the two poems and how the two characters egotistical ways led to their failure. One interesting failure Duffy uses is seen in the poem ‘The Devils Wife’, Duffy interestingly splits this poem into six sections which all relate back to different themes, we see the value of a relationships, motherhood and repentance. The poem is written based on the background history of the Moors Murders, with the protagonist Myra Hindley and how she became besotted with sociopath Ian Brady. In the first part of the poem we as the readers see how Duffy, displays Hindley as being the ordinary office worker with a crush â€Å"I scowled and poured and sneered. I gave as good as good as I got till he asked me out† we can see that she was the one who initiated the whole relationship. The story changes â€Å"He entered me. † From this moment she was now his, this could be another failing that men have more control than women and she was just his puppet â€Å"he made me bury a doll. † Duffy uses an interesting metaphor here, she say â€Å"doll† instead of a child as a doll is thought to be a child’s toy and just a possession which they eventually no longer require. It ends with â€Å"I felt like this: Tongue of stone. Two black slates for eyes. Thumped wound of a mouth. Nobody’s Mam. † We can see that she has become so obsessed with him, her life has changed forever. Also we are able to identify another theme of motherhood, people were unable to understand how Hindley was able to commit the most abhorrent, sadistic and unforgivable crimes against children as women are associated with protective mother love. We then see that in the third part of the poem, Duffy uses a sonnet in an untraditional form; instead of it being the ordinary love poem, the lack of punctuation shows Hindley’s state of mind and she’s finally repenting and blaming Brady for all of the murders. The final part of the poem gives different forms of execution and she finally admits she was in fact the Devil’ wife. Although this poem is lengthy, the key themes all relate to the main subject of â€Å"human failings†, love is a key importance in this poem â€Å"He held my heart in his fist and squeezed it dry. † Here we can see that men are dominant in relationships and Brady was in control of Hindley, which could be deemed a failing. Also motherhood is a joyous gift in life and could be one of the most important things in life but Hindley displays apathy towards children and lets Brady control her life â€Å"I flew in my chains†¦where we’d buried the doll. † Finally we see another theme of repentance â€Å"Get me a Bible honestly promise you swear† but by the time she finally realised her mistakes it was too late. Another them used is Power, this could also be assumed as a failing. In Mrs Midas, in which she finds that everything her husband touches turns to gold; soon after she realises the marriage will not work because of her husband’s selfishness. â€Å"I thought of the Field of the Cloth of Gold and of Miss Macready. † Here we can see that her husband valued wealth above everything else, but it wasn’t until he accidently touched his daughter he realised the mistake of his greed that was his failing. In The Kray Sisters, Duffy subverts the original story by using female portrayals instead of men; the poem uses cockney slang which allows us as readers to interact more with the poem and makes it more believable. The Kray Twins ran a protective racket, and were well known ‘West End gangsters’. The poem actually displays the success of the twins and how they were feared among the streets. However interestingly this so-called respect may have given the Kray’s the authority they wanted â€Å"We wanted respect for the way we entered a bar, or handled a car, or shrivelled a hard-on with simply a menacing look† However ultimately this respect led to the demise of the twins and they may have ruled the west end during their time but landed themselves a life-sentence in prison. Was it really worth it? Respect and honour are meant to be earned with dignity not by threatening and violating people; therefore I think that although this poem contains positive connotations it ultimately displays a failing. Duffy’s collection of the Worlds Wife is an interesting selection of poems and it is clear that one of the major themes associated with the collection is Human Failings, although these are not seen clearly and not every persona fails the actions they carry out could be assumed as a failing. The ironical and satirical way Duffy writes displays the dark humour of The Worlds Wife we can see that Duffy tries to impersonate the wives of famous characters both factious and fictions.

Friday, November 8, 2019

20 Topics for an Exploratory Essay on Anthropology of Mormonism

20 Topics for an Exploratory Essay on Anthropology of Mormonism When you have to write an exploratory essay on a topic you are not very familiar with, it is often a real stumbling block. After all, instead of proving your own point of view, you have to gather information, check the facts and present your findings in an unbiased manner, and maintaining this objectivity may be difficult. However, when you already have a topic at your disposal, it becomes easier to concentrate your thoughts on a particular subject without having to imagine from which direction you are supposed to approach it. So feel free to use one of these: Mormonism from an Anthropological Point of View Scientific Evidence and the Anthropology of Book of Mormon Anthropological Problems in the Book of Mormon Mormon View on the Genesis of the Native Americans Mormon Anthropological Claims and Genetic Evidence Ancient History of Human Race in the Americas According to the Book of Mormon Ancestral Connection between Indigenous Americans and Ancient Middle-Eastern Tribes in the Book of Mormon The Book of Mormon and the Anthropology of Mesoamerica Nephites, Lamanites and Native Americans LDS Community and the Proof of East-Asian Origins of Native Americans LDS Model for Human Migration in View of Evidence Presented by Molecular Anthropology, Archaeology and Linguistic Studies Scientific Evidence of LDS and Biblical Models for Human Migratory History Archaeological Proof for the Book of Mormon According to LDS Community Non-Mormon View on the Book of Mormon Archaeological and Anthropological Evidence Contemporary Ethnography of LDS Missionaries and their Psychological Identity Criticism of the Book of Mormon on the Part of Traditional Archaeology Mormon Polygamy from an Anthropological Point of View LDS Efforts to Establish Book of Mormon Archeology LDS Apology of Book of Mormon Inconsistency with Archaeological and Anthropological Findings Cultural Analysis of LDS Society Interesting topics, aren’t they? They are based on 10 facts on anthropology of Mormonism prepared specially for you. You can check out the tips on exploratory essay writing as well. And right now we will show you a sample of an essay written on one of them. Exploratory Essay on Scientific Evidence and the Anthropology of Book of Mormon The teachings of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) in the area of anthropology have been a subject of much debate ever since the foundation of this fairly young religion. According to the Book of Mormon, some 4,200 years ago a lost tribe of Israelites travelled across the Atlantic Ocean to an uninhabited region in Central America. There they eventually divided into two separate peoples, the Nephites and the Lamanites. After a 200-year period of complete peace the two nations waged a large-scale war against each other, as a result of which the Nephites, which are described as highly-developed light-skinned people, were complete wiped out by the Lamanites, which are characterized as idle and wicked dark-skinned people. The Lamanites settled all over the Americas, becoming the ancestors of the Native Americans, effectively making them a lost tribe of Israel. The Book of Mormon is perceived by the LDS as a divinely inspired revelation, so the Israelite roots of Native Americans are one of the principal tenets of the religion while going against everything stated by mainstream historiography. However, prior to relatively recent advances in DNA analysis there wasn’t any irrefutable evidence for or against the claims made by the Book of Mormon. Yes, archeologists, linguists, historians, biologists and anthropologists repeatedly pointed out numerous anachronisms contained in a presumably impeccable text, but Mormon scholars were always capable of finding explanations for why they were present there – sometimes rather far-fetched, but more or less believable. However, the Book of Mormon doesn’t stand very well against the genetic evidence, and even those scholars who are members of the LDS themselves more and more often are forced to admit it. One of them, Thomas W. Murphy, was heavily criticized and even got under threat of excommunication from the church for his essay â€Å"Lamanite Genesis, Genealogy and Genetics†. In it he supported the point of view that has been dominant in mainstream scientific community for a long time: that genetic evidence proves without any possible doubt that Native Americans have nothing to do whatsoever with the Israelites and instead originate from East Asia. Nevertheless, it seems that this proof did little to persuade the LDS majority, even those of them belonging to scientific community. LDS-affiliated scholars like John Sorenson and John E. Clark continue to accept the historicity of the Book of Mormon and claim to find new and new proofs of its truthfulness despite being ridiculed by mainstream science. They find evidence in perceived similarities of the Book of Mormon geography with some Central American regions, interpret ancient Mesoamerican monuments to suit their historiography and so on. However, one thing remains unchanged: none of the proofs used by Mormon scholars have been accepted by mainstream science. All non-Mormon experts agree that all currently available evidence is incompatible with Mormon view on anthropology, and none of the evidence used by Mormon scientists is in any way material. References: Allen, Joseph L. Sacred Sites: Searching for Book of Mormon Lands. American Fork, UT: Covenant Communications, 2003. Print Clark, John E. â€Å"A New Artistic Rendering of Izapa Stela 5: A Step toward Improved Interpretation.† Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 8.1 (1999): 22-33. Print Clark, John E. â€Å"Archaeology, Relics and Book of Mormon Belief.† Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 14.2 (2005): 38-49. Print Green, Dee F. â€Å"Book of Mormon Archeology: The Myths and the Alternatives.† Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 4 (1969): 72-80. Print Murphy, Thomas. â€Å"Lamanite Genesis, Genealogy and Genetics.† American Apocrypha: Essays on the Book of Mormon. Ed. Dan Vogel and Brent Lee Metcalfe. Salt Lake City, UT: Signature Books, 2002. 47-77. Print Sorenson, John L. An Ancient American Setting for the Book of Mormon. Salt Lake City, UT: Deseret Book Company, 1996. Print Tanner, Jerald, Sandra Tanner. Archaeology and the Book of Mormon. Salt Lake City, UT: Utah Lighthouse Ministry, 1969. Print Welcome to our writing services company  which hires the best academic writers only to provide students with high-quality custom exploratory essays written from scratch!

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Egypt; Ancient Intro essays

Egypt; Ancient Intro essays The Arab Republic of Egypt Year Book 1997 brings to light, in facts, figures and photographs the achievements made in Egypt during the year. In this edition, a new chapter on the national super-projects has been introduced. While presenting such projects, we would like to affirm that Egyptians, historically known as the builders of the world's oldest civilization are now in the process of self rejuvenation. In the past the response by ancient Egyptians to the challenge posed by a fluvian environment flanked by and deserts gave rise to the great and pioneering ancient Egyptain civilization. Once again Egyptians accept the challenge of progress by adopting a scientific methodology to build a new civilization. To this end, account is tak- en of the need to face the future with a daring spirit and an open mind, by expanding Egypt's inhabited area, which has remained for thousands of years mostly confined to that inherited since the dawn of history, covering only a narrow tract of Egyptian territory. The early signs of response heralding a new awakening and a fresh civilization in which Egypt embarks on the future with a progress oriented spirit that accepts all challenges, are reflected in the changes now taking place in several sites over a vast area of Egypt, which have been long marginalized. The Egyptians of today are seeking to transplant a new civilization in the form of a firmly grounded rich sapling replenished by long, deep-rooted experience and an unwavering will, fully aware of their way toward a pre- determined, definite goal i.e, progress through science guided developmnet. For decades, studies and information on development requirements, including surveys and studies of soil, water, energy, communications and transport in the fields of agriculture industry, nfining and tourism have accumulated. Such studies constitute the source of information on which the new super-projects in Toshka, Souther ...

Sunday, November 3, 2019

What was the larger strategic significance of the failure of the Essay

What was the larger strategic significance of the failure of the Gallipoli expedition 1915-1916 - Essay Example The result was a huge loss of manpower and resources on both the sides. The Gallipoli Expedition also known popularly as the "Dardanelles operation of 1915" is regarded as one of the major failure for the Allied forces in World War I. It affected both the Central powers as well as the Entente alike. Several lessons were learned from the expedition with the most important of them being the following Trust the instincts and act with common sense as the situation prompts while planning the attacks instead of following the bookish lessons. Trust the war tactics and the people instead of depending on the technology completely Archaic titles and birth privileges are just not enough to win the military war, but merit and true valour. The Dardanelles expedition influenced the politics of the European nations as well as the Middle East countries in many different ways. The larger strategic significance gained from the failure of the Gallipoli expedition in 1915-1916 led the Entente to reform their war tactics and win the World War I. The failure came as a hit to the Anglo-French coalition's pride. The blow awakened them literally from falling into disaster practicing their traditional war strategies. On the other hand it led to major reforms in countries like Turkey opening the gates of the democracy in the Middle East. The Gallipoli Expedition The Gallipoli expedition was fought between the Ottoman Empire and the Western nations. The Anglo-French armies were largely assisted by nations like New Zealand and Australia. ANZAC or the Australia and New Zealand Army Corps played a major role in the campaign. The Entente were headed by General Sir Ian Hamilton and the Ottoman Turks were led by Kemal Pasha Ataturk. It is important to explore the reason behind the origin of the World War if we have to understand the importance of the Dardanelles expedition. The Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Australia and his wife Sophie were murdered by Serbian terrorists on 28th June 1914. Serbi a was an independent state but was annexed by the Austria in 1908 amidst great protests. The prince's ideas of reforms were quite unpopular among the elite as well the freedom movements in Serbia. There were several nationalistic movements in the country which feared the Serbs might be repressed further by the reforms as the Prince Ferdinand was next in line to throne. Hence they carried out the assassination which triggered many long standing disputes between the various major European powers. The World War I termed as the 'Great War' took nearly 20 million lives and left more than 21 million wounded (Fromkin, 1989). The causes for the origin of the war were much debated and its effects were felt for a long time in the world. Historians like Wolfgang Mommsen analyzed various reasons for the German uprising and termed it was a measure to divert the public from other issues like inequality created due to industrialization, democratization and the other core issues the average German citizen had started to question his rulers (Keiger, 1983). Each country in Europe was influenced by a different principle starting from militarism to imperialism and nationalism. Each was in direct conflict with the other. The assassination of the Archduke made them take sides. Major military Powers like the Great Britain, France and Russia joined hands on one side forming the Entente while the Germany, Austria and Hungary along with other small nations joined together on the opposite side forming the Central Powers.1 The growing power of Germany alarmed both its eastern and western neighbours the Russia and France. Hence, they formed an alliance together with the Great Britain to defend

Friday, November 1, 2019

My personal Activities Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My Activities - Personal Statement Example In this case, I involved myself in cleaning the community waste since this is the recommended way of presenting environmental problems in the media. I also involved myself in conservation of the environment since it is my major area of interest. When a chance is available, I enjoy working in the field. Also, in the same 2007, I joined in the composition contest at the International Alkema Contest (IACC). I succeeded in the first IACC edition. The composers irrespective of the age could subscribe to the contest. The composition contest contained all styles of preferable classical music with popular music like rock, folk, pop, and jazz. I received the guitar and the piano award after being the best pianist. In 2008, I was among the competitors in the National Mathematics competition. I managed to enter the semi-finals that were much tougher that I could expect. The competition consisted of 20 multiple choices with a two division grading criteria. I managed to win the competition and awarded $1000. In 2009, I engaged in robot composition. As a group of five students, we designed a team brand robot which was programmed to perform instructed tasks. We gained popularity from the competition since it was successful. The robot could do minor mathematical calculations within a restricted time limit. In 2010, I saw old men struggling at homes due to their poor health. I took the priority to join in community volunteer activities in order to nurse the old men at home. Most of the men were unresponsive, depressed, and mentally disturbed due to health and family issues. As a group of volunteers, we were able to nurse them through special guidance. In early 2011, I gave not only a motivational talk, but also an educational guidance basing on career choices among the high school students. I was able to visit Thomas Jefferson High School for science and Technology and Oxford Academy in US for the talk and guidance. In 2012, I joined the